Observation of long life plasma generated in a cavity by CO2 lasers

Observation of synchrotron radiation from electrons accelerated in a petawatt-laser-generated plasma cavity.

The dynamics of plasma electrons in the focus of a petawatt laser beam are studied via measurements of their x-ray synchrotron radiation. With increasing laser intensity, a forward directed beam of x rays extending to 50 keV is observed. The measured x rays are well described in the synchrotron asymptotic limit of electrons oscillating in a plasma channel. The critical energy of the measured sy...

High-Temperature Long-Wavelength Vertical-Cavity Lasers

securitization of mortality risks in life annuities

insurers have in the past few decades faced longevity risks - the risk that annuitants survive more than expected - and therefore need a new approach to manage this new risk. in this dissertation we survey methods that hedge longevity risks. these methods use securitization to manage risk, so using modern financial and insurance pricing models, especially wang transform and actuarial concepts, ...

a time-series analysis of the demand for life insurance in iran

با توجه به تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها ما دریافتیم که سطح درامد و تعداد نمایندگیها باتقاضای بیمه عمر رابطه مستقیم دارند و نرخ بهره و بار تکفل با تقاضای بیمه عمر رابطه عکس دارند

Epitaxy of GaAs-based long-wavelength vertical cavity lasers

Vertical cavity lasers (VCLs) are of great interest as low-cost, high-performance light sources for fiber-optic communication systems. They have a number of advantages over conventional edgeemitting lasers, including low power consumption, efficient fiber coupling and wafer scale manufacturing/testing. For high-speed data transmission over distances up to a few hundred meters, VCLs (or arrays o...